tribal essays

innate papers The Hopi are a gathering of Shoshonean-speaking American Indians living in the notable pueblo sort of crude condo towns put on and at the foot of three plateaus in northeastern Arizona. They have been settled there since around 1200 A.D. (Aberle). The first Hopi reservation was built up by official request in 1882 (Born A Chief). The historical backdrop of the Hopi, however it contains minimal forceful fighting, is brimming with struggle with the Spanish, with non-Pueblo Indians, and with the Americans. The Hopis are a cultivating and crowding clan. They carry on with a real existence loaded with vulnerabilities however due to the scant and erratic precipitation, cold winters, slaughtering ices, and sweltering summers. All the wild powers of nature made it important for difficult work despite the fact that they never realized the amount it would really pay off at long last. With the danger of starvation consistently there; even today it isn't phenomenal to see families with a years worth of corn put away as a protect. Starvation occurred here and there on account of every one of these variables in the most noticeably awful situations. During the 1880s dry season and starvation killed hundreds and left a permanent blemish on anyones memory that was alive around then (Hall). The book expresses the individuals went insane from hunger and fantasized about food. They pulled their water in containers from the springs at the base of the plateaus, which were a mile away. They gathered their wood from the dead junipers on the tablelands for their homes. They plowed their fields in the sand ridges and washes venturing out somewhere in the range of three to twenty miles by walking to arrive (Hall). Planting is done intermittently in May and June reaping in September. Fields and gardens require a ton of consideration with the goal that they will be kept from hurts way. Corn and beans is their primary horticultural base. Crowding of sheep, steers, goats, and different creatures was mens work and they accompanied their own complexities: the haz... <!

Sports College Essay Examples

Sports College Essay ExamplesIf you are a student enrolled in a sports college, then you are probably hoping to get some sports college essay samples that are appropriate for your sport. Most sports colleges do not offer them, so your job is to find them on your own. As you look around for examples of sports college essays, you are likely to find many different styles. To make things easier, let's take a look at what these essay examples are and what they can mean to you.The first sports college essay samples that you will find include sports examples and dialogue. Sports examples and dialogue are often the most common style found in sports essay samples. These types of essays are used to help demonstrate a sense of humor, and this helps to show how athletic ability is an important part of the person's personality. A person who takes part in a game or is in competition with other athletes must be able to compete as well as their competitors. By taking part in a sport, this is the typ e of essay that will help the student understand the value of being prepared.For students who would like to emphasize their ability to work hard, then they will want to look at sports college essay samples that feature sports examples. The sports college examples allow the student to get a feel for the work ethic that is required for participation in a sport. This helps the student to see how the behavior of the athlete is different from their own.Of course, if you are looking for sports college essay samples that have sports dialogue, then you will want to look for this type of examples. This style of essay allows the writer to explain a situation that he or she has been through, and while it may be brief, the reader will get a feel for the feeling of the sport that the writer is involved in. These types of essays help the student understand how to handle themselves in sports.Another type of sports college essay samples are those that will focus on the thoughts and feelings that ar e involved with a player. These types of examples allow the writer to relate their feelings about the sport to others that have experienced similar events. They help the reader to get a good feel for what the sport has to offer. While these examples are not necessarily going to be funny, they should capture the emotions of the writer and what he or she has experienced in a game.One other style of sports college essay samples includes narrative and hypothetical situations. It is no surprise that both these styles have gotten more popular over the past several years. A narrative sports college essay uses the example of a player that wants to be a great player, but will not have the opportunity due to lack of education. The college student then uses this example to talk about what he or she has been through, why he or she is not able to go to the next level, and why he or she thinks that it might be possible to be successful in the future.In a fictional sports college essay, the writer will use an example of a player that was not selected in the NFL draft. Because he cannot make the cut, he decides to try out for a school in Europe and then to try to move up through the ranks in the soccer team to become a player. The college student uses his experiences to explain the possibilities for him and other players that have had issues with receiving the opportunity to go to the next level.Keep in mind that just because one style of sports college essay samples is popular does not mean that it is always right for you. As always, it is important to make sure that you find the style that fits your personality. Also, always remember that an essay is not just writing, and that you will need to provide your own examples of your own writing in order to give the reader a sense of what you are trying to convey in your piece.

JetBlue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

JetBlue - Assignment Example Instances of needs in the organization are agreeable seats and fantastic help. Also, requests are above needs. They incorporate things that human needs and have capacity and capability of purchasing. A portion of the requests in the organization incorporate more legroom and LCD amusement at each seat. The three ideas have a ramifications to the organization. To begin with, the organization needs to guarantee that the customer addresses all the issues. Also, the organization needs to deal with needs so as to be serious in the market. In conclusion, the organization needs to have an assortment of things requested with the goal that client can have options in picking their requests. Despite the fact that this is a little firm, obviously the organization points in fulfilling the client without limit. Actually, the degree of fulfillment can be deciphered from their organization motto â€Å"Happy Jetting.† The organization likewise has a portion of the items that are not accessible to different contenders. The organization likewise recruits representatives and train them dependent on organization esteems. Thusly, what is being traded in the organization is worth and fulfillment client revenue driven age in the organization. The creation idea best applies to JetBlue. This is on the grounds that the organization center is around arrangement quality administrations in fascination of clients. The use of the idea is seen through arrangement of astounding client administrations. The organization makes different qualities for its clients. One is through contribution solace to its clients. Second, the other is through contribution of good client care. An astounding assistance is given by recruiting right workers and preparing them on organization center

Why Hamlet Took to Long to Kill Claudius Essay - 909 Words

Why Hamlet took to long to kill Claudius? Shakespeares drama Hamlet has become a central piece of literature of Western culture. It is the story of a prince named Hamlet, who lost his father. Soon after that he has to confront multiple obstacles and devises a series of situations to defend the new kings royalty. Furthermore, he had to prove that King Claudius, who was the princes uncle, had killed Hamlets father. This story has remained among the most popular and the most controversial plays around the world. It generates controversy for all the doubts that this play leaves with the readers. One of the most questioning situations in the play is the delay of Hamlet in avenging Claudius for his fathers death. As a reader this†¦show more content†¦Apart from Hamlets moral dilemma, he is also trying to prove or disprove what a ghost told him. This ghost is apparently the princes progenitor, who tells Hamlet that his fathers death was caused by Claudius pouring poison into his ear. The ghost encourage Hamlet to Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (1012) For this reason Hamlet has to prove if the ghost is an evil spirit deceiving him, testing him, or even if he is who he really says he is, and has the implicit endorsement of a higher power. As Hamlet expresses in act 1: Angels and ministers of grace defend us: Be thou a spirit of health, or goblin dammed, Bring with thee airs from heaven, or blast from hell, Be thy intents wicked or charitable Â… (1010) After analyzing these thoughts, they produce doubt like: if the ghost is coming from purgatory, why would the ghost commit another sin inciting his son to do something wrong? This will generates more punishment to the ghost, making him to have more chances to go hell. As this doubt came to my attention, it came to Hamlets reflection too. Therefore this doubt causes Hamlet to delay in taking action since he needs more evidence to prove the ghosts words. The Ghosts accusations increase Hamlets dilemma, since one of his main concerns is the afterlife of Claudius. After proving Hamlet that Claudius is a murderer, the prince delays in getting revenge against his uncle. The reason for his delay is that he does not wantShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1116 Words   |  5 PagesTeresa Fang Professor Moore Humanities 310 28 October 2015 To Seek Revenge or to Wait? Hamlet is a very enigmatic fellow. In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the theme of revenge is presented as a controversial one. Before the play was set, Prince Hamlet’s uncle and new stepfather, King Claudius, had taken part in the assassination of his brother, old King Hamlet. Old King Hamlet died without a chance to receive forgiveness for his sins. As a result, his spirit is condemned to walk the earthRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare879 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet it may seem like Hamlet took much longer that it should have for him to take action against his uncle. To the readers it is as if Hamlet already has all of the information he really needs to defend his actions but he does not. Hamlet passes up on some perfect opportunities to avenge his father, but why? Hamlet’s delay is perfectly justified; if he had gotten his revenge too soon it would not have been a true tragedy. First off, Hamlet knew he needed more proof ofRead MoreEssay about Hamlets Hesistation to Kill Claudius1510 Words   |  7 Pagesfar do you agree that Hamlet’s hesitation to kill Claudius in Act Three is underpinned by religious reasons? Of all the different motives Shakespeare presents for Hamlet’s lack of action, which seems to be the most important? Critics have attempted to explain Hamlet’s delay in avenging his father for centuries and the most relevant scene to illustrate Hamlet’s hesitation is in Act Three when Hamlet has the opportunity to kill Claudius but doesn’t. Hamlet says at the time that he does â€Å"this sameRead MoreHamlet Good vs Evil Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† -William Shakespeare Good VS. Evil Why Does Hamlet delay so long in achieving his revenge- what is really stopping him? There is an inner battle inside Hamlet that no one knows about, good versus evil, stuck between both worlds. Hamlet is the only one who can decided which world to want to be apart of. Hamlet, the story, reveals that the individual can only find meaning by looking inward and living according to his or her own beliefs and includingRead MoreThe Illusion of Ambition in Hamlet by William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual’s success, it can also backfire at the individual. In his play, Hamlet, Shakespeare demonstrates that an individual’s ambitions can have a negative impact on self and others through the character of Claudius. Claudius’s ambitions play a pivotal role in all the tragedies that happen throughout the novel including his own death. Claudius’s strong ambitions to become king lead him to poisoning and killing Hamlet’s father and Hamlet falling into a state of melancholy. Due to his deep sadness, Hamlet’sRead MoreEssay about Hamlets Fatal Flaw786 Words   |  4 PagesHamlets fatal flaw is his inability to act. Unlike his father, Hamlet lets his intelligence rather than his heroism govern him. When he has a chance to kill Claudius, and take vengeance for his fathers murder, he hesitates, reckoning that if he kills the man while he is at prayer, Claudius would have asked for pardon from the Lord and been forgiven of his sins, therefore allowing him to enter Heaven. Hamlet decides to wait for a better opening. His flaw of being hesitant in the end leads toRead MoreHamlet s Biggest Flaw, Himself1451 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet’s Biggest Flaw, Himself The entire play of Hamlet by William Shakespeare, is based around the young prince Hamlet who has lost his father and is trying to avenge his death in any means possible. With this duty over his shoulders, it causes him to overthink every decision that he is trying to make and ultimately leads to his demise. Although everyone overthinks some situations, Hamlet would be known to have Generalized Anxiety Disorder in common time because whenever he starts to come up withRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark884 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters and situations. The writer creates these characters with personality to fulfil their story with drama. The play â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† by William Shakespeare consists of many dramatic characters. The main character, Prince Hamlet, is a troubled college student who is mourning the death of his father and disagreeing with the marriage of his Uncle to his mother. Hamlet begins to seek revenge on his Uncle, and new step-father, but his madness begins to show Hamlet’s motives. Analyzing Hamlet’sRead MoreShakespeares Hamlet was an Overthinker and Complex Philosopher638 Words   |  3 Pageswhich leads to his downfall. Hamlet was an over thinker and a complex philosopher who wanted revenge on his father’s death. Things don’t go as planned as Hamlet’s two opposite flaws change things. One of Hamlet’s flaws, procrastination, is shown in the prayer scene when he has the opportunity to kill Claudius and get revenge on his father’s death, and he doesn’t take it. His second flaw completely opposite from the first, was acting on impulse out of passion making him kill the wrong man, Polonius. Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, And Son Of The King Of Denmark Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet, the main character of the play Hamlet by Shakespeare, and son of the King of Denmark poses an important question of existence throughout the novel that has also helped shape history. During this time in the play, people start to question if there are any moral consequences to their actions. This question becomes more and more influential during this time because people are questioning their faith and the power of the church. Throughout Hamlet’s journey to seek revenge on his uncle for his

The Visit At The Metropolitan Museum Of Art - 1310 Words

Over the thanksgiving break I visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Met is an art museum in New York City that has a variety of ancient artwork from different cultures and time periods. There is paintings and sculptures from Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome and Greece. The museum is additionally home to artwork from many different time periods including ancient Near Eastern Art, Middle Ages and Europe during the Renaissance. The Met also has artwork from many different religions such as Christianity and Islam. Each section in the museum had a specific artwork that attracted my attention. On the first floor of the Met Museum is the Greek and Roman Art. The Greek and Roman section has hundreds of art work ranging from the Neolithic period to Roman Emperor Constantine. In the Greek and Roman section there is many portraits and sculptures including the statue of Emperor Augustus, the statue of Aphrodite, and the Marble female figure. The sculptures in this section range in different sh apes, sizes and colors and are made with a variety of materials. The sculptures depict emperors, Kings, Queens, Gods and Goddesses of the time. Much of the statues in this section are missing key parts such as arms, legs and the head due to the fact that they were damaged before being bought to the museum. The statue in this section that caught my attention the most was the Marble Statue of Aphrodite. This is a statue of Aphrodite, who is the Greek Goddess of love, beauty pleasure andShow MoreRelated Visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Viewing the Asian Art Collections1562 Words   |  7 PagesVisit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Viewing the Asian Art Collections The Metropolitan Museum of Art has one of the finest Asian art collections that has enlightened and strengthened my understanding in my personal art experience. The Museum itself is an artistic architectural structure that graces the entire block on 82nd Street in Manhattan. Entering inside, I sensed myself going back into an era, into a past where people traded ideas and learned from each other. It is a past, whereRead MoreThe Frick Collection And The Met1309 Words   |  6 Pages The Frick Collection and The Met: A Comparison The Frick Collection and The Metropolitan Museum of Art are both very distinct art museums. If you visit the museums or their online websites, it becomes very apparent that they differ in historical backgrounds, in their curatorial departments, in the way in which they were founded and then funded and in the collections of art that they house. I visited both museums and it was evident to me that they bore many differences, and at the same time, theyRead MoreMuseum Paper761 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of this paper is to visit The Metropolitan Museum of Art and write a reaction paper about art works at the museum based on my impressions about them. To begin, I will start by giving you a little of background information about this interesting museum. The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870 by a group of American citizens. It opened on February 20, 1872 and was originally located at 681 on Fifth Avenue. Also known as â€Å"The Met†, the museum is located on the eastern edgeRead More comparison of the Met and Guggenheim Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pageshome to number of architectural classics. Two of these masterpieces of architecture are the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Guggenheim Museum. Both continue the metaphor of New York being a world within a world and possess the latent fusion of form and function, one dependent on the other. The Metropolitan Museum is the epitome of neo-Classical style while the Guggenheim is a modernist powerhouse. Each museum serves the same purpose: displaying humanity’s greatest achievements. By comparing and contrastingRead MoreSimilarities Between Buddhism And Islamic Religion1272 Words   |  6 Pagesanother, if even in the smallest ways. Buddhism and Isla m are religions that demonstrate similarities in ethical standards artistic works despite they emerged 1000 years apart. Buddhism and Islamic artwork expresses similar feelings on icons placed on art, yet these religions have different reasons why. The spread of Buddhism and Islamic religion once illustrated similarities in their artwork however; they began to branch off showing differences. Buddhism is a religion that worships more than one deityRead MoreMy Experience at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York635 Words   |  3 PagesNever before have I seen a museum as grand as the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. From its architecture to its massive art collection, The Met has a little bit of everything and one is sure to find something that captures his or her interest. Considering that The Met is the United States largest art museum, it is easy to get lost within its many corridors and wings. My visit to The Met took place during the last week of July. Despite the almost unbearable heat and humidity that hung in theRead MoreMuseum Field Trips to National Gallery of Art (NGA) and The Metropolitan Museum of Art556 Words   |  2 Pages The two sites that I have chosen to compare are the National Gallery of Art (NGA) and The Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met). The reason I chose these specific sites was the first images I saw which made me want to explor e the webpages. I will be comparing the visual quality of the homepage, pictures, text, and content along with the overall quality of the two sites. I will go into detail about the differences and which site, in my opinion, would be more enjoyable based on their website. Read MoreA Discourse Of National Identity1832 Words   |  8 Pagesabout national identity and how it is reflected in the art produced in the United States. Both museums employing traditional classification from the art history, arranging the collections by period, schools, style, movement, and artists. Both collections approach the paradigms that address the historiography of American Art has established: the Colony, the configuration of the Republic, The Civil War, the Centennial of Independence, Modern art or European influence. In turn, each collection reservesRead MoreEssay on Memorable Day1584 Words   |  7 Pageshead over to the Metropolitan Museum. Now, everyone goes to a museum once or twice every few months, because people can’t seem to get enough of old dinosaur’s bones and other naturalistic pieces behind plated glass. I have been told by many that a typical museum visit is fine, but a visit to the Metropolitan is a site to behold. After being dropp ed off in front of an old classic building I knew in that moment that the rain gave me a precious gift. After all, when it comes to museums, I am a completeRead MoreEssay A Day at the Metropolitan Museum of Art918 Words   |  4 PagesA Day at the Metropolitan Museum of Art I. Jan van Eyck’s â€Å"Last Judgment† Jan van Eyck was active since 1422 and died in 1441. He was the most celebrated painter of the fifteen-century in Europe. One of his famous works is â€Å"The Last Judgment†. At first sight this work immediately attracted my attention. The painting’s stunning colors and the fact that it reminded me of a previous similar work I have seen, triggered in my mind. The material that is used is oil on canvas, transferred

Fast Food and Obesity Essay - 926 Words

Fast Foods Effect on Obesity Now a days, fast food is becoming a cheap and yet a popular way for people who are too busy to cook. But the cheap price of the fast food is nothing in comparison to the true price that these people are paying. Every 4 out of 10 adults in the USA will become obese in the next 5 years if they keep eating this food the way they are. Eating fast food like this is causing major health risks. Since this food is so cheap, it makes it convenient for people to go out and get food instead of staying home to cook. In addition, fast food companies are trying to target kids. If the companies get to the kids at a young age, they will get hooked on the food. Because of all this, people need to stop eating fast food before†¦show more content†¦E. Coli is now becoming the major reason for renal failure for American kids. People would rather spend their money on a cheap burger that tastes good compared to a burger that tastes just as good for six times the price. The great thing about fast food is that over these many years their products taste hasn’t changed. â€Å"The whole experience of buying fast food, has become so routine, so thoroughly unexceptional and mundane, that it is now taken for granted, like brushing your teeth or stopping for a red light.† Says Eric Schlosser, author of Fast Food Nation. Millions of people a day are buying fast food because it’s so convenient to get to. Today’s economy is also dropping and because of this going out to buy fast food has become easier to feed people’s families. Instead of a family going out to a restaurant to feed the family for 60 dollars, they can go to a fast food restaurant and spend about one third of that. These fast food restaurants are making a lot of money off this cheap food With the money they make, they spend some of it for advertising to grab people’s attention Since most kids watch TV they are the ones that are affected most by this McD onald’s spends billions of dollars on advertising each year. Most of the kids know Ronald McDonald more than they do their own president. Just about 30% of all children each day eat fast food according to a Harvard study. ThisShow MoreRelatedObesity And Fast Food1444 Words   |  6 PagesStates? In the United States, obesity is one of the public health issues that causes thousand of deaths. When a person’s body mass index shows an extremely high number, he or she is considered having obesity. It is important because it is a serious health problem due to mortality and morbidity. In addition, eating many unhealthy food and lacking exercises lead to dangerous chronic illnesses which then leads to premature death. Lifestyle choices contribute to obesity, in general, and can have adverseRead MoreFast Food And Obesity771 Words   |  4 Pages Is fast food causing people to be obese or is it just a part of the equation? Three hundred thousand people die each year from obesity linked deaths. According to the health care costs of obesity, obese adults spend 42 percent more on direct health care costs than adults who are a healthy weight. Obesity has been an ongoing epidemic for many years not only in America but many other countries. Kids nowadays eat more fast food because it is easy for them to choose this option. Even some schoolsRead MoreFast Food And Obesity : Obesity2432 Words   |  10 PagesKimberly Vang English 1A Andrew Bligh 30 July 2014 Fast Food and Obesity In the Fresno County, a lot of children are becoming overweight and obese. Parents are not doing their proper jobs by looking after or taking care of their children. They are over feeding them; stuffing them with sweets and sodas, and junk foods. Parents aren’t really paying attention until their child is overweight and obese. For example, in Bridget Kelly’s article she showed that 10% of children and over 22 million kidsRead MoreFast Food and Obesity1681 Words   |  7 PagesIs Fast Food Causing Obesity or Are We? Obesity is a growing problem in America that has serious consequences for us and our children. Some would argue this growing predicament is due to the poor choices made by the fast food industries and the unhealthy foods they have available to the public. Others like the Center for Consumer Freedom, would argue that it is not only their choice to eat healthy or unhealthy but also every individuals right as Americans to make that choice without the interferenceRead MoreFast Food and Obesity in Adults990 Words   |  4 Pages2013 Fast Food and Obesity in Adults In Aprils addition of Men’s Health magazine there is a picture of salted golden French fries inside a white cup. This advertisement invokes hunger for unhealthy and cheap fast food to consumers. The fast food industries false advertisements, unhealthy food, and long term effects of consuming fast food all lead to the causes and effects of adulthood obesity in the lives of thousands of Americans today. McDonalds, Burger King, Wendy’s, and other fast food industriesRead MoreFast Food And The Obesity Epidemic933 Words   |  4 PagesFast –food Industries are to be Blame for Obesity Visualize the world somewhere a school-age child can step out of his school and walk into a McDonalds. Fast-food causes an array of problems in your body. The food is often high in sugar, fat, and calories while providing very few nutrients. The obesity epidemic Americans face today is a growing problem that affects more than half of the population with growing body sizes and serious medical problems associated with obesity. It is a problem thatRead MoreFast Food And Its Effect On Obesity1655 Words   |  7 PagesKhalid Alebraheem ENG 101 November 25, 2014 Fast Food and Its Effect on Obesity Today, the names of fast food and obesity are synonymous worldwide. Since the 1970s, the number of fast food restaurants in the US has doubled, corresponding to approximately 300,000 new chains (Egger and Boyd 23). Equally, there has been an exponential increase in the number of obese people over the same period, turning obesity into a public health problem in the US and most developed nations (Egger and Boyd 25). HenceRead MoreFast Food Is The Reason For Obesity955 Words   |  4 PagesFast food is the reason to blame for obesity. Food made and prepared in a matter of minutes should certainly raise some flags. ---- Roberto De Vogli states in â€Å"†globesization’: ecological evidence on the relationship between fast food outlets and obesity among 26 advanced economies† that â€Å" the diffusion of ‘fast food restaurants’ resulting from rapid global market integration (Hawkes 2009) and trade liberalization policies (Thow and Hawkes 2009) seems to b e one of the key contributing factors behindRead MoreFast Food Restaurants And Obesity1528 Words   |  7 PagesDo fast food restaurants contribute to obesity in America? One out of every four Americans stop by to eat fast food daily. Many people may not know this, but you would have to walk seven straight hours to burn off a super sized Coke, fry, and Big Mac. Sixty percent of all Americans are either overweight or obese. Did you also know that some fast food restaurants sell more toys than Toys-R-Us? Fast food restaurants contribute to obesity in America by promoting time-saving eating options, using celebritiesRead MoreFast Food And Childhood Obesity1166 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Childhood obesity is a serious epidemic, affecting children across the world. In our country alone, 17% of all children and adolescents are now obese, triple the rate from just a generation ago† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). This drastic increase leads researchers and ordinary citizens alike to speculate about possible causes. Fast food consumption is one potential cause that has received widespread attention. Many researchers have looked at the relationship

Study on Successful and Unsuccessful Leader free essay sample

He also involves in many scandals and controvercies. Kenneth Lay was a CEO of Enron, which is one of big company in United States . He was a responsible person for Enron fall and bankcruptcy because of his careless and lack of skill in leadership. SUCCESSFUL LEADER Mahatma Ghandi Mahatma Gandhi was a major political and spiritual leader of India who led the country in the non-cooperation movement in 1922 and Salt march in 1930 and later in Quit India movement in 1942 during its struggle for independence. Known as Beloved Baapu in India, Mahatma Gandhi adopted the policy of mass disobedience and non-violent resistance as weapons against the British Rule in India and followed a principle of Ahimsa (total Non-Violence). He endured several hardships, was arrested and occasionally beaten in his journey and struggle to Justice and Freedom. However, his struggle does not restrict to India itself, as the leader played a key role in the Civil Rights movement in South Africa and secured them the right to justice and equality. His birthday 2 October is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday and as the International Non-Violence day across the world. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar, a town in Gujarat in western India on 2 October 1869. His father Karamchand Gandhi was the Diwan of Porbandar state of British India. His mother Putlibai was Karamchand’s fourth wife. Having born in a Hindu family Gandhi strictly followed vegetarianism and fasting as means of self-purification. At the age of 13 he was married to one year older kasturba. In 1885, Kasturbai gave birth to their first child who survived only few days. Later the couple had four sons. All along his schooling days Gandhi was an average student and passed his matriculation exam from Samaldas College, Gujarat with some difficulty. On 4th September 1888, he traveled to England to study law at the university College London and to train as a barrister, as his family wanted him to be a barrister. SUCCESSFUL LEADER Jeff Bezos Jeffrey P. Bezos, who was the founder of Amazon. om, he was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. His mother was still in her teens, and her marriage to his father lasted little more than a year. She remarried when Jeffrey was four. Jeffreys stepfather, Mike Bezos, was born in Cuba; he escaped to the United States alone at age 15, and worked his way through the University of Albuquerque. When he married Jeffreys mother, the family moved to Houston, where Mike Bezos became an engineer for Exxon. Jeffreys grandfather was a regional director of the Atomic Energy Commission in Albuquerque. He retired early to the family ranch, where Jeffrey spent most of the summers of his youth, working with his grandfather at the enormously varied tasks essential to the operation. From an early age, Jeffrey displayed a striking mechanical aptitude. Even as a toddler, he asserted himself by dismantling his crib with a screwdriver. He also developed intense and varied scientific interests, rigging an electric alarm to keep his younger siblings out of his room and converting his parents garage into a laboratory for his science projects. When he was a teenager, the family moved to Miami, Florida. In high school in Miami, Jeffrey first fell in love with computers. An outstanding student, he was valedictorian of his class. He entered Princeton University planning to study physics, but soon returned to his love of computers, and graduated with a degree in computer science and electrical engineering. After graduation, Jeff Bezos found employment on Wall Street, where computer science was increasingly in demand to study market trends. His went to work at Fitel, a start-up company that was building a network to conduct international trade. He stayed in the finance realm with Bankers Trust, rising to a vice presidency. At D. E. Shaw, a firm specializing in the application of computer science to the stock market, Bezos was hired as much for his overall talent as for any particular assignment. While working at Shaw, Jeff met his wife, Mackenzie, also a Princeton graduate. He rose quickly at Shaw, becoming a senior vice president, and looked forward to a bright career in finance, when he made a discovery that changed his life and the course of business history. UNSUCCESSFUL LEADER Silvia Berlusconi Silvio Berlusconi is one of Europes most fascinating and controversial figures. He is not only the former Prime Minister of Italy, he is the owner of the nations top football team, the leader of a media empire and the richest man in the country. Berlusconi is the son of Luigi, a Milan banker, and Rosa Bossi. He was the first of three children, the others being Maria Antonietta Berlusconi and Paolo Berlusconi, now both entrepreneurs. Silvio studied law at the University Statale in Milan, graduating in 1961. His career began in the building construction business shortly after, when he became involved in the design of a garden city Milano 2 -on the outskirts of Milan. His first venture into the Media business came in 1973 when he became involved in a cable television station to service Milano 2. Five years later he formed his first media group, Fininvest. The company owned a string of local TV stations across the country. Today his main company, Mediaset, comprises of three national television channels, which hold almost half the national viewing audience. In addition to other banking and nsurance interests, Berlusconi owns AC Milan, one of the leading football clubs in the world. In 1993 Mr Berlusconi founded his own political party, Forza Italia or Go Italy named after a chant used by fans of AC Milan. A year later he became Prime Minister, forming a coalition with the right-wing National Alliance and Northern League. However rivalries between the three leaders, coupled with Mr Berlus conis indictment for alleged tax fraud, led to the collapse of the government just seven months later. He lost the 1996 election to the left-wing Romano Prodi. Berlusconi has been involved in a number of controversies and over 20 court cases during his political career, including a conviction for tax evasion in October 2012, though he was not jailed. He was criticised for his electoral coalitions with right wing populist parties (the Lega Nord and the neo-fascist National Alliance) and for apologetic remarks about Mussolini, though he also officially apologised for Italys actions in Libya during colonial rule. While in power, Berlusconi maintained ownership of Mediaset, the largest media company in Italy, and was criticised for his dominance of the Italian media. His leadership was also undermined by sex scandals. UNSUCCESSFUL LEADER Kenneth Lay Kenneth Lee Lay was born on April 15, 1942, in Tyrone, Missouri, and received both his bachelor and master degrees in economics from the University of Missouri. Lay served in the U. S. Navy from 1968 to 1971. In 1970, after earning a Ph. D. in economics at the University of Houston, Lay went to work for the Exxon predecessor Humble Oil amp; Refining. He worked for the Federal Power Commission from 1971 to 1972, and served as energy deputy under secretary for the United States Department of Interior until 1974. In 1974, Kenneth Lay joined the Florida Gas Company, eventually serving as president of its successor company, Continental Resources Company. In 1981, he left Continental to join Transco Energy Company in Houston, Texas. Three years later, Lay joined Houston Natural Gas Co. as chairman and CEO. The company merged with InterNorth in 1985, and was later renamed Enron Corp. In 1986, Kenneth Lay was appointed chairman and chief executive officer of Enron. In 2001, Lay sold large amounts of Enron stock in September and October as its share price fell. All told, he liquidated more than $300 illion in Enron stock from 1989 to 2001. Enron filed for bankruptcy in December 2001—the biggest bankruptcy filing in U. S. history at the time, costing 20,000 employees their jobs and many their life savings, and losing billions for investors. In July 2004, Lay was indicted for his role in the companys collapse, including 11 counts of securities fraud, wire fraud, and making false and misleading statements. On May 25, 2006, Lay was found guilty on all six counts of conspiracy and fraud. His sentencing was scheduled to take place on October 23, 2006. Kenneth Lay died of a heart attack while vacationing in Aspen, Colorado, on July 5, 2006. He is survived by his wife, Linda, two children, three stepchildren and 12 grandchildren. MAHATMA GHANDI AND JEFF BEZOS Similarities * Higher education background Mahatma Ghandi and Jeff Bezos both have good education background since they are young. Mahatma Ghandi, In 1888, Gandhi travelled to London, England, to study law at University College London, where he studied Indian law and jurisprudence and to train as a barrister at the Inner Temple. While, Jeff Bezos attended the Student Science Training Program at the University of Florida while he in high school which is Miami Palmetto Senior High School, receiving a Silver Knight Award in 1982. He was high school valedictorian. He attended Princeton University, with an intention to study physics, but soon returned to his love of computers and graduated summa cum laude, with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering in electrical engineering and computer science. While at Princeton, he was elected to the honor societies Phi Beta Kappa and Tau Beta Pi. Differences Mahatma Ghandi was a president of Indian Nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world. Other than that, Mahatma Ghandi has education in Law since her family wanted him to be a barrister. After passing his matriculation exam from Samaldas College, Gujarat with some difficulty, he traveled to England to study law at the University College London. In comparisons, Jeff Bezos is an American entrepreneur who played a key role in the growth of e-commerce as the founder and CEO of Amazon. om, an online merchant of books and later of a wide variety of products. Under his guidance, Amazon. com became the largest retailer on the World Wide Web and the model for Internet sales. Jeff Bezos has education in science in electrical engineering and computer science. He attended Princeton University, with an intention to study physics, but soon returned to his love of computers and graduated summa cum laude, with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering in electrical engineering and computer science. SILVIA BERLUSCONI AND KENNETH LAY Similarities * Scandal and fraud case Silvio Berlusconi and Kenneth Lay have been involved in many court cases and scandals. Silvio Berlusconi, is an Italian politician and media tycoon who served three times as Prime Minister of Italy from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. Berlusconi has been involved in a number of controversies, fraud and over 20 court cases during his political career, including a conviction for tax evasion in October 2012, though he was not jailed. His leadership was also undermined by sex scandals. For Kenneth Lay,who was a responsible person in Enrons collapse. Lay was charged, in a 65 page indictment, with 11 counts of securities fraud, wire fraud, and making false and misleading statements. Enrons bankruptcy, the biggest in United State history when it was filed in December 2001, cost 20,000 employees their jobs and many of them their life savings and investors lost billions of dollars. * Award and honors Although there are many fraud and scandal in these two unsuccessful leader but they do received many award and honor in their life for their achievement before they were charge for their wrongdoing. Silvio Berlusconi received many award from others country such as, from Italy: Knight of the Order of Merit for Labour(1977), Holy See: Knight of the Order of Pius IX (2005), Poland: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (2002) and many more. Kenneth Lay was an intelligent leader,award that he received are Anti-Defamation League-Torch of Liberty Award , Beta Theta Pi (National Fraternity)-Oxford Cup, Brunel University (London)-Honorary Doctor of Social Sciences and others. Differences Silvia Berlusconi was involved in many fraud cases but he was not jailed because of his crime,he able to rise again after his fall become a president for the first time. Other than that , he has many supporter and was a rich man that enable him to close all his cases. In comparison,Kenneth Lay was indicted for his role in the companys collapse, including 11 counts of securities fraud, wire fraud, and making false and misleading statements. On May 25, 2006, Lay was found guilty on all six counts of conspiracy and fraud. His sentencing was scheduled to take place on October 23, 2006. Competency perspective of leadership Personality The leader’s higher levels of extroversion (outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive) and consciencetiousness (careful, dependable, and self-discipline). For example, Mahatma Ghandi is an excellent listener and has high self-discipline, Gandhi was not a very skilled public speaker; generally he was believed to be quite average. On the other hand, he was an exceptional listener of both the articulated and the unsaid. He seemed to be practicing â€Å"seeing with your ears. † Self-concept The leader’s self-beliefs and positive self-evaluation about his or her own leadership skills and ability to achieve objectives. Jeff Bezos, who was the founder of Amazon. com believe to his own ability and opportunity in order for creating success. In early of his business, People were not preferred to purchased things online but he belief that online business will become popular and demand by the buyers in futures . Drive The leader’s inner motivation to pursue goals. Related to their high conscientiousness and positive self-concept, successful leader have a high need for achievement. In South Africa, Mahatma Gandhi faced the discrimination directed at all coloured people for example, he was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move from the first-class, he suffered other hardships on the journey as well, including being barred from several hotels and the magistrate of a Durban court ordered Gandhi to remove his turban, which he refused to do. These events were a turning point in Gandhis life and shaped his social activism and drive him to social injustice. Integrity Integrity involves truthfulness and consistency of word and action,qualities that are related to honesty and ethicality. Italy falls in many counts when Silvia Berlusconi was acting as a President of Italy. This is because he was involved in many fraud and scandal cases besides he is not morally educated towards integrity and is mostly unable to exercise powers of control. Lack of honesty and consistency in action will result Italy falls easily. What role does luck play in leadership It is often easy to attribute the success of great and influential leaders to pure luck. Undoubtedly, some turned out to be the right person in the right place at the right time. However, they also had to have the right skills and abilities to build on the opportunities presented to them. Luck does open the avenues, the golden path of opportunities that leads to success. For instance, being born with a silver spoon in mouth is definitely not in one’s well hands, but how far do they go? The number of men (or women) with humble origins who have carved a niche for themselves outshine the number of those who have had affluent lineage to thank for. The epoch making scientists, the power magnet corporate, the charismatic leaders , the lauded achievers, noble laureates and other highly acclaimed professionals, poets, painters, writers and numerous others, men who shaped the course of destiny have been successful through sheer hard work and a pint of good luck. The skills and characteristics the great and influential leaders employed enabled them to identify and maximize the opportunities that presented themselves. These individuals may have been lucky in being at the right place at the right time, but far more was required to capitalize upon available opportunities, which were presented to them. Many others at the same time were presented with similar opportunities. Yet they failed to achieve similar levels of success. This was because they didn’t possess the same skills, competencies and knowledge to understand what was needed to grasp the significance of the opportunities, and the actions and practices to maximize them. Predicted success and failure Mahatma Ghandi Mahatma Ghandi pursue his study at University College of London in Education in Law as his family wanted him become a barrister. He does not predicted that one day he will become a President of India and lead the nation. In addition, he only wanted to help their own people,so that they will not discriminate by other society in other country. Mahatma Ghandi work very struggles in order to get independence for their country. Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos interest in computer science since he was young had made him become a successful businessman nowadays. He attend and joint all activities regarding the computer and the system when he was in high school and college, which is Princeton. His success can be considered as predicted as working with the computer was his dream but he never known that he will become a businessman in future. Silvia Berlusconi Failure of Silvia Berlusconi are being predicted by many people because of his lack in integrity and commitment toward his job as a President of Italy. His rise and fall was evidence for his failure besides he involves in many fraud cases. In addition,Silvia involves in many sex scandals made people not trusted him to be a President and his greediness is the factors that drive him to his failure Kenneth Lay Kenneth Lay was a CEO of Enron,a big firm in United State. Early of his career,he was a good and intelligent and seems to be a fine leaders before he was found did many fraud in the company after the company was audit by the audit firm. He and other people does not predicted the fraud will be revealed and result to his failure and bankcruptcy to the company. Criteria for successful leader Inspiration A leader should motivate and enthuse followers in to action. However, in order to inspire followers, a leader must have a vision, belief, or cause that they champion. This vision can either be their own. In addition to having a cause or idea they strongly believe in, a leader must also be able to motivate and encourage others to adopt this cause as their own. To bring others to action, a leader must first garner trust from his or her followers. The leader’s followers must trust that the leader is leading them on a true and just path for change that the followers themselves want to occur. As part of building this trust, the leader’s ability to communicate his or her ideas and vision effectively and clearly is crucial. If followers cannot understand the leader’s mission or why they should also adopt this cause, the leader’s quest will be futile. Courage In addition to having or adopting a vision and being able to inspire followers around this vision, we believe that leaders must be courageous. They must be able and willing to defend their visions against both outside and internal attacks. Followers will immediately begin to lose faith in their leader if they see a leader without the courage to support an idea under trying times. Leaders must also have the courage to change and adapt their vision to respond to supportive ideas from others that benefit the vision or to shifts in the economic, political, or social landscape. Having courage to change can be particularly difficult if the leader has become attached to his or her own vision, but a good leader must recognize that modifying this vision can be beneficial to the leader, his or her organization, and the leader’s followers. Empathy Leaders must be empathetic; they must feel compassionate towards those who they are leading and must be able to understand the states and histories of their followers. Only by truly understanding their followers’ individual journeys and the backgrounds of each follower can a leader be most effective. Empathetic leaders can understand the root cause behind what is driving their followers’ actions, and empathetic leaders make people feel confident and capable, inspiring them to do more than they would on their own. Some of the most respected recent leaders have made empathy a key trait n their leadership style. By being empathetic and really understanding who their followers are and what their personal journeys have entailed, leaders can build a higher level of trust in their organizations, more commitment in their employees, and a more positive and productive workplace. Communication Knowing what you want accomplished may seem clear in your head, but if you try t o explain it to someone else and are met with a blank expression, you know there is a problem. If this has been your experience, then you may want to focus on honing your communication skills. Being able to clearly and succinctly describe what you want done is extremely important. If you can’t relate your vision to your team, you won’t all be working towards the same goal. Training new members and creating a productive work environment all depend on healthy lines of communication. Whether that stems from an open door policy to your office, or making it a point to talk to your staff on a daily basis, making yourself available to discuss interoffice issues is vital. Your team will learn to trust and depend on you, and will be less hesitant to work harder Honesty Whatever ethical plane you hold yourself to, when you are responsible for a team of people, it is important to raise the bar even higher. Your business and its employees are a reflection of yourself, and if you make honest and ethical behavior a key value, your team will follow suit. Promote a healthy interoffice lifestyle, and encourage your team to live up to these standards. By emphasizing these standards, and displaying them yourself, you will hopefully influence the office environment into a friendly and helpful workspace. Commitment If you expect your team to work hard and produce quality content, you’re going to need to lead by example. There is no greater motivation than seeing the boss down in the trenches working alongside everyone else, showing that hard work is being done on every level. By proving your commitment to the brand and your role, you will not only earn the respect of your team, but will also instill that same hardworking energy among your staff. It’s important to show your commitment not only to the work at hand, but also to your promises. If you pledged to host a holiday party, or uphold summer Fridays, keep your word. You want to create a reputation for not just working hard, but also been known as a fair leader. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, those leaders, which are Mahatma Ghandi, Jeff Bezos, Silvia Berlusconi and Kenneth Lay do have their own skills in leadership although some of them are success and some of them are not. Based on my research, Mahatma Ghandi and Jeff Bezos have similarities such as they both have high education background even with different course. This can be conclude, as a leader a person must have education and knowledge so that they able to lead an organization or country. Other than that, a leader needs to be a hardworking person in order for them to be success. In addition,both leader Silvia Berlusconi and Kenneth Lay involves in a number of court case that may be the factors of their failure. All leaders have similarities and differences between them. Other than that, are the success and the failure of those leaders are being predicted? For Mahatma Ghandi, He does not predicted that one day he will become a President of India and lead the nation. In addition, he only wanted to help their own people,so that they will not discriminate by other society in other country. In comparison, Kenneth Lay and the other peoples does not predicted the fraud will be revealed and result to his failure and bankcruptcy to the company. To being a success leader need to fullfill criteria. For example, inspiration, a leader should motivate and enthuse followers in to action. However, in order to inspire followers, a leader must have a vision, belief, or cause that they champion. This vision can either be their own. Leaders must be courageous. They must be able and willing to defend their visions against both outside and internal attacks. In addition, a successful leader must be honest, Whatever ethical plane you hold yourself to, when you are responsible for a team of people, it is important to raise the bar even higher. Your business and its employees are a reflection of yourself, and if you make honest and ethical behavior a key value, your team will follow suit.